Accountants are vital to efficient and effective operation of the economy and decision-making at every level of society. They work with businesses of every size to set up and maintain the systems that collect and report information about business activity. They play a critical role in regulatory functions of government, including day-to-day operations, taxation, and detection of white-collar crime. Other accountants work with the public as tax experts and financial advisers. Certified public accountants work as auditors. They examine an organization’s accounting systems and financial statements to provide assurance to the public and other users that the information presents a fair picture of the organization's position and performance.

Accounting graduates have many opportunities to achieve professional certifications. An accountant may be designated as a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Certified Management Accountant (CMA), Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA), Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE), Accredited Tax Advisor (ATA), Certified Government Financial Manager (CGFM), or many other possibilities. All these designations require candidates to pass challenging exams, fulfill professional ethics requirements, and participate in continuing education programs every year.