Philip Pavlik Jr. is currently an assistant professor of Psychology at the University of Memphis Institute for Intelligent Systems. Dr. Pavlik received a BA from the University of Michigan in Economics and a PhD from Carnegie Mellon University where he studied Cognitive Psychology with John Anderson (developer of the ACT-R cognitive modeling system). Dr. Pavlik has pioneered changes in the ACT-R theory that have allow his research to use this theory to optimize the learning of information for tasks such as flashcard learning. From this foundation, his work has developed to focus on problem solving, schema learning, optimal transfer, effects of motivational constructs, and student strategy use. His methodologies include experimentation, mathematical modeling, and application. In the context of this work Dr. Pavlik has supervised and designed two instructional systems, this has led him to a deep interest in optimizing the process intelligent tutoring system design and testing. Dr. Pavlik has received grant awards from the National Science Foundation and The Institute for Educational Sciences. Website: http://optimallearning.org