Research and Projects

Here you can find the most recent research and projects conducted in C-TIER

Informed Safety, Mobility, & Driver Comfort Enhancement Practices for Work Zones: Learnings from High Fidelity Data

In the past two decades, more than 22,000 highway construction and maintenance workers have died due to work-related accidents, which translates to a societal cost of $55 million/year. Nevertheless, alerting a worker to an emergency in real-time is extremely difficult, as the work environment is noisy and chaotic, filled with visual distractions, heavy vibrations, and loud noises. Identifying threats and taking appropriate action is very challenging, especially when the time available to respond is very brief. This project explores the concept of using connected wearable technology to create smart work zones that would enhance workers' safety & comfort. This wearable device would assist workers in identifying and warning of potential threats/hazardous situations, give initial preemptive guidance, and help them find a way to safety. The research team aims 1) to provide virtual reality (VR)-based tools for training workers and 2) to provide agencies and contractors with guidelines for best practices for worker safety in the emerging sociotechnical landscape.

Sponsored by: National Science Foundation, PI, co.PI. Dr. Lopes (U Chicago), 2022-2023.

Strategies for Improved Driver Behavior within Work Zones

This project consists of two stages. The first stage is a closed-course study where all the obstacles of pilot research and data collection will be determined. A WZ with different control and enforcement measures will be set up in a closed course setting, and test drives will be made with recruited drivers. From the experience of the closed-course pilot study, a detailed plan for the on-site pilot study (stage 2) will be developed.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, PI. Dr. Saby Mishra, co.PI. Dr. Golias, 2022-2024.

Influencing Mode Shift Through Behavioral Change Strategies 

This project will 1) investigate strategies that have successfully nudged travelers towards SOV alternatives through behavioral change, 2) gather detailed information on the current state of TDM practices in the state and provide recommendations, 3) survey travel behavior and preferences of commuters concerning TDM implementations for potential interventions, and 4) assess the impact of different TDM measures on congestion and traffic. The research team will develop survey and visualization tools to accomplish these aims.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, PI. Dr. Saby Mishra, co.PI. Dr. Golias, 2022-2024.

Identification of Simulation Calibration Parameters using Urban Freeway Data

Current TDOT user manual use calibration parameters based on best practices obtained from manuals developed by other state DOTs, and limited field data from VISSIM based projects in Tennessee. However, it is critical to determine various calibration parameters to develop calibrated models for local conditions which could provide reliable simulation results. In these contexts, data-driven and Tennessee specific calibration parameter development, would be beneficial in enhancing TDOT’s model development and reliability of microsimulation-based traffic analysis. State specific calibration parameters could provide a more accurate representation of actual traffic flow, and reliable traffic analysis results will assist traffic operational decision-making process by balancing needs and resources.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, PI Dr. Golias, co.PI. Dr. Saby Mishra, 2022-2024.

More Effective Use of Tennessee Waterways to Account for Competing Uses and Address Freight Congestion

The goal of the project is to develop a set of recommended strategic objectives for the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) that support safe, reliable, and resilient use of TNs IWS and, at the same time, maximize economic impact, support investment decisions, and foster workforce preservation and development. To achieve this goal, this research has the objectives to develop a knowledge bank on best practices on inland waterway programs, web-based and desktop Data Analytics and Decision Support (DADS) tools that analyze and synthesize the available data on TNs IWS and its assets (e.g., ports, terminals, locks, etc) into a set of performance stressors, metrics, and indices.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, PI Dr. Golias, co.PI. Dr. Saby Mishra, 2022-2024.

Evaluating Transit Accessibility to Food, Education, Recreation, and Other Essential Services in Tennessee

Although providing access to jobs is an important function of public transit, other travelers use transit to get to grocery stores, healthcare facilities, schools, or outdoor recreational areas, which are not typically considered in transit accessibility analyses. These critical destinations are essential for independence, health, and quality of life. Research is needed to evaluate the transit accessibility to food, healthcare, education, recreation, and other essential services for low-income populations in Tennessee in helping to better determine the value of transit for riders.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, Joint project with UTK PI Dr. Brakewood, 2022-2024.

Modeling Household E-commerce Delivery Rates and Assessing their Equity and Freight Travel Impacts

This research project offers multiple benefits to the freight mobility sector. Quantifying the disaggregated demand of delivery packages will provide data inputs for evaluating the traffic congestion and emission due to reduced drive-alone shopping trips and increased last-mile delivery trips. The outcomes are expected to complement the implementation of equity-based delivery services (prioritizing the areas with the high demand). From consumers' perspective, the research outcomes can further analyze the travel time reduction due to foregone shopping trips.

Sponsored by: Freight Mobility Research Institute, US DOT Tier-1 Center, Joint project with PSU and FAU, PI. Dr. Sabya Mishra, 2022-2023.

Accelerating Innovative Mobility

The project consists of two phases. The first amalgamates the current planning and implementation processes in Memphis and through their direct connection and web links posting on the Memphis Area Transit Authority (MATA) website provides communication and information to customers and communities at one location. In so doing, it establishes the MATA website as the go to place for not only information, but to learn about the all the mobility opportunities and partnerships that are developing in Memphis. Further it creates a Mobility Coordinator role for MATA as either the direct provider or facilitator of mobility services or the virtual communicator of all other mobility opportunities. The second phase would emphasize the Incubator potential in Memphis looking outwards to adding partners, updating technology and communications, building more linkages from rural areas, etc. MATA would also reconsider its organizational plan and strategies to best facilitate mobility in Memphis.

Sponsored by: Federal Transit Administration and Memphis Area Transit Authority, 2021-2023. (P.I)

Modeling the adoption, distribution, and utilization of autonomous delivery robots and delivery lockers in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the need for contactless deliveries that avoid the risk of person-to-person infection has made it clear that autonomous robot deliveries have many advantages. In addition, complementary systems like self-serve lockers are appealing since they reduce human contact but also increase the last-mile delivery efficiency. The key objectives of this proposal are related to the adoption, distribution, and utilization of autonomous delivery robots and delivery lockers in the US in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sponsored by: Freight Mobility Research Institute, US DOT Tier-1 Center, Joint project with PSU and FAU, PI, 2019-2022. (P.I)

Quantitative Evaluation of Truck Caravanning

Truck caravanning is defined as a hybrid platooning with only one truck driver per platoon, the leader. Truck caravanning, capitalizing on the availability of SAS Level 5 automated trucks, has the potential to extend the profit and service quality for freight business beyond and in addition to benefits achieved by truck platooning. To date, an extremely limited number of research efforts have reported/explored the truck caravanning potential for monetary savings from the use of a smaller number of truck drivers. Research in Truck platooning operational models, in general, have solely focused on savings from fuel consumption and emissions reduction, which numbers found in the literature vary greatly and are questioned among researchers. The goal of this research is not to evaluate the technical feasibility of truck caravanning, but rather to develop and use mathematical models and sensitivity analysis to evaluate and estimate cost savings from freight operations employing truck caravanning. In this project, and unlike research published for truck platooning or caravanning to date, cost savings are easily verifiable as only driver compensation is considered. Any cost savings from fuel and/or emissions reduction are considered only at the general implementation level of the proposed operational model for completeness as well as to allow comparison of the different elements involved in the overall cost/benefit calculation.

Sponsored by: Freight Mobility Research Institute, US DOT Tier-1 Center, Joint project with UMN and FAU, PI, 2019-2022. (Co-P. I), PI - Dr. Golias

Optimal Refueling Gas Station Locations in post-evacuation Conditions

The objective of this research is to minimize the time and limited homogeneous fleet of multi-compartment trucks that need to distribute the available fuel to the customers, using time windows. The main difference of this problem from the classic gas station replenishment problem (GSRP) is that a part of the customers will be satisfied since the available fuel and the fleet of trucks provided by the company are limited. The main purpose of this research is to satisfy the petrol stations in different areas, prioritizing the ones with the highest demand. To tackle this problem, the research team plans to develop a mathematical model that will optimize fuel distribution after evacuation. In order to formulate the problem, the combination of the PSRPTW and the MCVRP has been proposed. The objective of this problem is to minimize the transportation time needed to transfer the fuel from the fuel tank to the petrol stations, using time windows. To solve the resulting problem exact and heuristic approaches will be investigated and will be selected (most likely a hybrid heuristic to improve or remove completely the stochastic search step of commonly used/built heuristics for these types of problems).

Sponsored by: Freight Mobility Research Institute, US DOT Tier-1 Center, Joint project with FAU, PI, 2019-2022. (Co-P.I), PI - Dr. Golias

Evaluating the Adoption and Impact of Autonomous Delivery Modern Technologies

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the need for contactless deliveries that avoid the risk of person-to-person infection has made it clear that autonomous robot deliveries have many advantages. Consumers, businesses, and governments have switched from cautious beta testers into eager early adopters. Despite this unprecedented requirement necessitated by the pandemic, SADRs and RADRs need to be deployed by logistics service providers and Government agencies in a way that is generally accepted by the public. In fact, if not widely accepted by the public, the development and introduction of autonomous delivery vehicles can be a substantial waste of resources for logistics service providers and vehicle developers alike. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct micro-level behavioral research on user acceptance early in the deployment roadmap of delivery robots to be able to design, develop and promote them as an accepted alternative to its conventional delivery practices (i.e., van-based human delivery). One of the contributions of the proposed project is to address this urgent research gap by investigating the psychological factors that determine public acceptance of ADRs (Autonomous Delivery Robots) from an end-consumer perspective.

Sponsored by: Freight Mobility Research Institute, US DOT Tier-1 Center, Joint project with PSU and FAU, PI, 2019-2020.

 Towards Sustainable Tourism Transportation Systems and Services in Tennessee

The tourism industry is the second-largest economic sector in TN. Recognizing the contribution and growth potentials of the tourism industry and the importance of associated transportation systems and services, states with the highest tourist traffic volume have been integrating tourism aspects in all forms of transportation planning, investment decision making, and management. This project develops policy guidelines for TDOT considering multimodal and sustainable transportation systems and services that promote the tourism industry to maintain a competitive advantage to the TN tourism industry compared to other states. The primary benefits and deliverables of this research study are(i) Sustainable transportation systems and services planning and management- best practices; (ii) Tourism specific travel demand model that can be integrated with statewide travel demand model; (iii) Evaluation of existing multimodal transportation services in TN for tourism; (iv) Analysis of alternative sustainable transportation systems and services polices; and (v) Policy guidelines, indicators and standards on sustainable transportation systems and services for TDOT.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2020-2022.

Connecting Demand Response Transit with Fixed Service Transit

FRT and DRT when operated independently results in less coverage and high operating costs respectively. This TDOT research proposal will provide a methodological framework for connecting FRT and DRT together. With this research, transit agencies will be able to benefit in the following aspects: 1) Connecting DRT with FRT will provide transit accessibility to a larger population and hence will result in an increase in ridership which in turn will boost the transit revenue. 2) DRT will also be able to provide mobility to the elderly and disabled population which in turn will reduce the high operating costs associated with paratransit services, 3) The proposed concept will also provide a framework to convert underutilized FRT routes to DRT which in turn will result in optimal use of transit fleet and will result in cost savings as only the existing operating FRT route vehicle will be used to complete demand-responsive trips.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2020-2022.

Understanding Freight Impact on Tennessee Communities

The proposed research will provide TDOT personnel as well as local transportation agencies with a ready and easy to use guidebook supported by a GIS tool that streamlines the tasks of identifying, taxonomizing, and ranking strategies (based on cost, benefits, and barriers to implementation) to improve freight transportation and minimize/mitigate the externalities they cause. The developed guidebook and tool will support planning, tactical, and operational freight improvements at the state and local level that simultaneously optimize freight movements and minimize their externalities (e.g., environmental, congestion, health) to the communities they serve.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2020-2022.

Wrong-way Driving Crashes in Tennessee and Prevention Technology

Wrong-way driving (WWD) events occur when a driver enters against the right traffic-flow direction of a divided highway (e.g., freeways). The most frequent WWD incident location is a freeway ramp and according to the National Transportation Safety Board, 360 wrong-way driving-related fatalities occurred annually between 2004 and 2011 in the US. While a small percentage of total crashes (approximately 3%) WWD severity level was much higher than non-WWD crashes. Tennessee is one of the top 10 states with the highest number of WWD involved fatality in the U.S. The leading contributing factors of WWD crashes are traffic violation due to driving under influence, inattention due to fatigue and distractions, impaired judgment due to physical and age-related issues, unfamiliarity with roadways, and any infrastructure deficiencies such as poor lighting, limited line of sight, heavy vegetation. This project first aims to analyze the statistics of wrong-way crashes in TN and determines the main contributing factors. Next to several wrong-way prevention technologies are suggested, tested, and deployed and selected testing sites. Therefore, the performance of each technology can be assessed, and along with the life cycle cost analysis and administration opinion, we can recommend the three best technology for implementation at selected sites.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2019-2021.

Work Zone Alert Systems

Work zones have significant impacts on traffic conditions as well as on motorists and agency/contractor personnel safety. The growth of travel on the roadway system in the United States and recent adverse weather conditions has accelerated the deterioration of pavement, leading to constant pavement repairs and roadway rehabilitation. Based on how severe a work zone crash can be, the associated fatalities, injuries, and property damage will lead in moderate to high costs, not to mention costs associated with damage in high-value goods transported, and higher travel delays and relative cost impacts. As a result, many states are paying special attention to work zone crashes caused by civilian vehicles erroneously enter work zones. Of particular interest to the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) are work zone intrusion alert systems (WZIAs). This class of safety devices is intended to recognize when a work zone intrusion is occurring and to alert the driver and nearby workers of the intrusion so that they can respond appropriately. The proposed research aims to study the literature to hypothesize best practices and most valuable WZIA products and will test those hypotheses to provide a recommendation to TDOT for WZIA implementation based on low cost, low rate of false alerts, ease of use, and ability to live-track work zone intrusions across the state.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2018-2020.

The Impacts and Adoption of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles in Tennessee

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) have a potential to revolutionize the daily travel modes, in terms of personal, public, or shared mobility, because of their potential of technology-assisted driving and hence minimizing errors caused by human In addition to safety, CAVs will provide additional benefits in terms of ability to multitask during travel, flexibility in travel (relocating the house to farther and more convenient location), reduced parking and running costs, travel time savings due to the reduction in congestion and accessibility to elder and non-license holder individuals. However, such benefits will also come at the cost of numerous anticipated barriers like accident liabilities, data safety concerns, the addition of new infrastructure, and increased emissions because of an increase in vehicle miles traveled. In the US, 22 states including Tennessee have already passed legislation for operating CAVs on public roads. However, until the CAVs meet the perceptions, demands, beliefs, and needs of end-users at a justified cost, their adoption is uncertain. Adoption research from non-transportation related innovation suggests that social network plays a pivotal role in deciding whether to adopt, defer, or not to adopt. The objective of this research is to understand, model, and predict CAV market penetration in Tennessee over time based on the residential social network.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2018-2020.

 Identification of stationary and wireless charging stations for battery operated electric vehicles in smart cities

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) provide a more energy-efficient way of traveling than internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and the consumer adoption of BEVs is on the rise. Despite BEVs outstanding energy efficiency and the potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector, there are constraints and because of which BEVs are unable to compete with ICEVs. These constraints include extended recharging time, limited driving range, and an insufficient number of charging facilities. To overcome these constraints, dynamic wireless charging (DWC) prompts as a plausible solution. DWC technology allows BEV being charged while in motion. This raises a traditional question often encountered in practice for infrastructure investment: how to determine optimal locations of DWC infrastructure in a network. In this paper, we propose a sequential two-level planning approach considering the objectives of both the public infrastructure planning agency and the BEV users.

Sponsored by: FedEx Institute of Technology, 2019-2020.

Next Generation of Freight Planning and Operation Models To Incorporate Emerging Innovative Technologies

This project leverages expertise from three universities (FAU, PSU, UofM) and attempts to accomplish the project objectives to (1) quantify adoption of connected and autonomous trucks by freight organizations, (2) incorporate truck platooning in transportation planning and operation models, (3) analyze the emissions impacts of last-mile deliveries by delivery robots, (4) study how disruptive technologies are affecting intermodal transportation, and (5) outline future research necessary to address the opportunities and challenges created by disruptive technologies.

Sponsored by: Freight Mobility Research Institute, US DOT Tier-1 Center, Joint project with PSU and FAU, PI, 2019-2020.

Developing a Methodology to Predict the Adoption Rate of Connected Autonomous Trucks in Transportation Organizations Using Peer Effects

Our research presents a methodology for predicting the adoption rate of Connected Autonomous Trucks (CATs) in transportation organizations using peer effects. There are a number of different factors that must be considered when developing innovation adoption models for organizations, including relative advantage, perceived risk, organizational size, public opinion, compatibility with the organization’s needs, and competition. We describe each of the relevant variables and combine them into a discrete choice model for predicting the adoption rate of CATs by a hypothetical sample of transportation organizations. The model incorporates new peer effect modeling techniques to simulate the competition and informal communication network. Organizations are placed in a 4-dimensional space, and the peer effects on organizational adoption decisions are simulated using a graph theory model. Preliminary results suggest that organizations that are larger are less likely to change their decisions due to the decisions of other, competing organizations, whereas smaller organizations are more easily influenced by the decisions of larger organizations. The methodology developed from our research produces reasonable and useful results using a hypothetical dataset, and the methodology has been designed to be transferrable to any number of organizational innovations.

Sponsored by: Federal Highway Administration, and Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2018-2020.

Development of Statewide Land Use Forecasting Model and Integrate with TDOT's Statewide Travel Demand Model

Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) has developed a new statewide travel demand model in 2015. While the current travel demand model uses 2010 and 2040 as the base and future year of analysis, no land-use model currently exists to provide additional future year data or ability to scenario planning. To strengthen scenario analysis and policy planning the travel demand model will need adequate land use inputs. However, currently, there is no statewide land-use model in TN that can be used to generate inputs for the travel demand model. This research is to develop a statewide land-use model to obtain (1) accuracy of future year land use forecast that represents long-range transportation improvements and planned zoning, (2) cumulative and indirect effects of transportation projects, (3) evaluation of economic effects of various state and regional policies, (4) land-use changes because of rapid changes in travel behavior owing to emerging technologies, (5) accurate choices of residential locations because of emerging greener and tech-savvy lifestyle choices, and finally (6) facilitation of the land-use model to be integrated with the travel demand model.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2018-2020.

Development of a Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Readiness Index

Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are about to hit the roads but an important question is how ready are our cities with respect to policies and infrastructure elements required to accommodate CAVs? By developing a holistic index for evaluating readiness for CAVs, this paper establishes the foundation for readiness analysis. The index ranks the readiness of cities based on their soft and cyber infrastructure, pro-CAV policies, hard infrastructure, and other transportation supply and demand measures. We first identify 32 variables, segmented into four categories, that can plausibly foster CAV market penetration. The variables are then combined to develop a single index.

Sponsored by: University of Memphis Research Investment Fund, 2018-2020.

Truck Parking Needs in TN

The objectives of this research are to provide TDOT with important guidance on truck parking issues and opportunities, by identifying parking needs (i.e., the addition of capacity and/or construction of new facilities); developing truck parking violation rates (i.e., truck parking on the on- and off-ramps) and developing/applying a methodology to identify candidate locations for new truck parking facilities in the State of TN. This study extends the work done by Mishra et al. (2016), Golias et al. (2017), and Cherry et al. (2017) who used truck GPS and survey data to evaluate the performance of truck parking in TN.

Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation and US DOT, 2018-2020.

 Other Recent Projects

1. Identifying critical and vulnerable freight routes in roadway networks: A game theory framework and application in the State of Florida. Sponsored by: US-DOT/FMRI 2020-21.

2. Asset management optimization. Memphis Area Transit Authority. 2017-20

3. Incorporating Freight in Regional Land Use Planning Models. FMRI/USDOT 2020-21 [Report PDF].

4. Value of Transitways Comparative Multi-Destination Accessibility Analysis. University of Minnesota (sub-award). 2019.

5. Transit Academy Education Partnership. Innovate Memphis. 2018-20.

6. Planning Guidebook for Commodity and Freight Movement in TN. T-DOT/FMRI 2018-19.

7. Truck parking models for TN. T-DOT/FMRI 2018-19.

8. Game theory applications for seaport cooperation, competition, and co-opetition. USDOT/FMRI 2017-18.

9. Smartphone-Based Interventions for Sustainable Travel Behavior. Metropolitan Council. 2017-18.

10. Multimodal Connections with Transitways: Ridership, Access Mode and Route Choice Implications. Center for Transportation Studies. 2017-18.

11. Modeling autonomous vehicle technologies adoption by freight organizations. USDOT/FMRI 2017-18.

12. Smart city innovation hub: Phase I-Development of a readiness index. Research Investment Fund, University of Memphis, Division of Research and Sponsored Research Programs 2017-18.

13. USDOT TIER 1: Freight Mobility Research Institute. USDOT (PI from UoM) 2016-22.

14. SHRP2 Implementation assistance program: Work zone impacts and strategies estimator (WISE) software (R11). FHWA 2016-18. 

15. Identifying cost-effective, high-return, and quickly implementable improvements to address freight congestion and mobility constraints in Tennessee. TDOT 2016-17. [Report PDF]

16. SHRP2 Implementation Assistance Program: Integrating freight considerations into the highway capacity planning process (C15). FHWA 2016-17.

17. SHRP2 Round 7 (Planworks): I-40 in Tennessee- A corridor of national significance in moving freight and linking multistate communities [Report PDF]

18. Assessment of Mobility and Transit Access to Captive Riders in Suburban and Rural Area. Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2016-2017. [Report PDF]
19. Workzone Crash Performance Data Management. Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2016-2017. [Report PDF]
20. SmartPark-Pilot Study. Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2016-2017. [Report PDF]

21. Those who Need it Most: Maximizing Transit Accessibility and Removing Barriers to Employment in Areas of Concentrated Poverty. Hennepin County, MN and the Metropolitan Council. 2015-16.

22. Simulating the INDY FedEx Hub: Phase I & II. Federal Express 2015-16.

23. Discovering the vulnerable physical routes in a network. Central Intelligence Agency/Intelligence Community 2014-16.

24. Specific Strategies for Achieving Transit-Oriented Economic Development: Applying National Lessons to the Twin Cities. Metropolitan Council. 2014-16.

25. Economic Impacts of Bus Rapid Transit. Hennepin County, MN and the Metropolitan Council. 2014-15.

26. Feasibility of public investment in short-line railroads. T-DOT 2014-15.

27. Re-shoring and its impact on transportation infrastructure & US economy. CFIRE/US DOT 2014-15.

28. Addressing MAP-21 freight objectives using GPS data. CFIRE 2014-15.

29. Evaluation of the Hennepin County Community Works Program. Hennepin County, MN. 2014.

30. Somerville Downtown Redevelopment Plan. Town of Somerville, TN. 2018.

31. Memphis 3.0 Comprehensive Plan. The city of Memphis. 2018.

32. MATA Service Project. Memphis Area Transit Authority. 2017.

33. Housing Code Enforcement and Health Outcomes in Memphis. The Urban Institute. 2017.

34. Meeman Shelby Forest CCC Camp Restoration Plan. Mississippi River Corridor-Tennessee, Inc. 2015.

35. Planning to Capitalize on the Regional Greenprint: West Memphis Eco-Park. Shelby County Office of Sustainability. 2014.

36. A guidebook for best practices on integrated land use and travel demand modeling. Sponsored by: Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2013-2014. [Report PDF]
37. A guidebook for freight transportation planning using truck GPS data. Sponsored by: U.S Department of Transportation and Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2014-2015. [Report PDF]
38. Effect of Primary and Secondary Crashes: Identification, Visualization and Prediction. Sponsored by: U.S Department of Transportation and Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2014-2015. [Report PDF]